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Charles X (Charles Philippe; 9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836) was King of France from 16 September 1824 until 2 August 1830.〔Mary Platt Parmele, ''A Short History of France''. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons (1894), (p. 221 ).〕 For most of his life he was known as the Count of Artois (in French, ''comte d'Artois''). An uncle of the uncrowned King Louis XVII, and younger brother to reigning Kings Louis XVI and Louis XVIII, he supported the latter in exile and eventually succeeded him.〔Munro Price, ''The Perilous Crown: France between Revolutions'', Macmillan, p. 185-187.〕 His rule of almost six years ended in the July Revolution of 1830, which resulted in his abdication and the election of Louis Philippe, Duke of Orléans, as King of the French. Exiled once again, Charles died in 1836 in Gorizia, then part of the Austrian Empire.〔Munro Price, ''The Perilous Crown: France between Revolutions'', Macmillan, p. 185-187.〕 He was the last of the French rulers from the senior branch of the House of Bourbon. ==Childhood and adolescence== Charles Philippe of France was born in 1757, the youngest son of the Dauphin Louis and his wife, the Dauphine Marie Josèphe, at the Palace of Versailles. Charles was created Count of Artois at birth by his grandfather, the reigning King Louis XV. As the youngest male in the family, Charles seemed unlikely ever to become king. His eldest brother, Louis, Duke of Burgundy, died unexpectedly in 1761, which moved Charles up one place in the line of succession. He was raised in early childhood by Madame de Marsan, the Governess of the Children of France. At the death of his father in 1765, Charles's oldest surviving brother, Louis Auguste, became the new Dauphin (the heir apparent to the French throne). Their mother Marie Josèphe, who never recovered from the loss of her husband, died in March 1767 from tuberculosis.〔Évelyne Lever, ''Louis XVI'', Librairie Arthème Fayard, Paris (1985), p. 43〕 This left Charles an orphan at the age of nine, along with his siblings Louis Auguste, Louis Stanislas, Count of Provence, Clotilde ("Madame Clotilde"), and Élisabeth ("Madame Élisabeth"). Louis XV fell ill on 27 April 1774 and died on 10 May of smallpox at the age of 64.〔Antonia Fraser, ''Marie Antoinette: the Journey'', p. 113–116.〕 His grandson Louis-Auguste succeeded him as King Louis XVI of France.〔Charles Porset, Hiram sans-culotte? Franc-maçonnerie, lumières et révolution: trente ans d'études et de recherches, Paris: Honoré Champion, 1998 p. 207.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Charles X of France」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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